Serial Dilution Calculator
Compute the final concentration after N serial dilutions at a 1-in-R dilution factor (e.g., five 1:10 dilutions). Report...
Moles, concentrations, and stoichiometry — step by step.
Solution concentration, dilution, and reaction math — with careful unit handling and explanations of the underlying relationships.
Compute the final concentration after N serial dilutions at a 1-in-R dilution factor (e.g., five 1:10 dilutions). Report...
Calculates the freezing point depression and boiling point elevation of an ethylene glycol–water mixture using colligati...
Determines the molar mass of an unknown solute from the measured freezing point depression: M = Kf × w_solute(g) / (ΔTf...
Calculates the volume of a concentrated stock solution needed to prepare a working solution of given molarity and volume...
Converts between molarity (M), parts per million (ppm by mass), and mole fraction for dilute aqueous solutions given sol...
Calculates the pH of a buffer after a known amount of strong acid is added, using the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation: pH...
Calculates osmotic pressure and equivalent osmolarity of a solution from molarity, van't Hoff factor, and temperature.
Compute the mole fraction of a solute (and the solvent) from the moles of each component.
Calculates osmotic pressure using the van't Hoff equation Π = i·M·R·T, where i is the van't Hoff factor (1 for non-elect...
Converts normality N to molarity M using M = N / n, where n is the equivalence factor (number of H⁺, OH⁻, or electrons p...
Compute the normality (N) of a solution from its molarity (M) and the number of equivalents per mole.
Uses C1V1 = C2V2 to calculate how much concentrated stock solution to dilute to achieve a target concentration and final...
Calculates three colligative properties of an aqueous solution: osmotic pressure (π), boiling point elevation (ΔTb), and...
Compute the mass percent of an element in a compound from the element's contribution to the molar mass and the total mol...
Calculates osmotic pressure using Π = cRT(1 + Bc), where c is the concentration, R = 8.314 J/(mol·K), T is temperature,...
Compute the density of an ideal gas at given pressure and temperature from its molar mass, using ρ = PM/(RT).
Compute the freezing-point depression of a solution from molality, the solvent's cryoscopic constant, and the van't Hoff...
Compute the boiling-point elevation of a solution from molality, the solvent's ebullioscopic constant, and the van't Hof...
Convert between mass, molecular weight, volume, and molar concentration for any solution.
Convert between mass (grams) and amount (moles) of a substance using its molar mass: n = m / M and m = n · M. Also repor...
Use C1V1 = C2V2 to plan solution dilutions accurately.
Compute the dissolved concentration of a gas in solution from its partial pressure above the liquid and its Henry's law...
Compute pOH from hydroxide ion concentration and the matching pH at 25 °C.
Estimate the pH of a buffer solution from the pKa of the weak acid and the molar ratio of conjugate base to acid.