Half-Cell EMF from Standard Reduction Potentials (Nernst) Calculator
Calculates the standard cell potential E°_cell = E°_cathode − E°_anode and corrects for concentration using the Nernst e...
Moles, concentrations, and stoichiometry — step by step.
Solution concentration, dilution, and reaction math — with careful unit handling and explanations of the underlying relationships.
Calculates the standard cell potential E°_cell = E°_cathode − E°_anode and corrects for concentration using the Nernst e...
Compute total water hardness expressed as mg/L of CaCO₃ from calcium (mg/L) and magnesium (mg/L) measurements: Hardness...
Solve the Initial-Change-Equilibrium (ICE) table for a weak monoprotic acid HA ⇌ H⁺ + A⁻ exactly using the quadratic for...
Estimates the age of an organic sample from its remaining C-14 activity as a fraction of the original, using the radioca...
Calculates the pH of a weak acid solution from its acid dissociation constant Ka and initial concentration using the equ...
Compute the final concentration of a non-volatile solute after a known fraction of solvent has evaporated, using mass co...
Apply Avogadro's law to a gas held at constant temperature and pressure: V₁ / n₁ = V₂ / n₂. Compute V₂ (or any other unk...
Compute the moles of dry gas collected by water displacement: subtract the water-vapour partial pressure at the experime...
Compute the pH of a strong base solution from its analytical concentration. With complete dissociation [OH⁻] = C, pOH =...
Calculates the half-life of a first-order chemical reaction from the rate constant, and the concentration remaining afte...
Compute the bulk density of an ideal liquid mixture from up to three components, each given as a mass fraction (decimal,...
Compute the mole fraction of solute A in a binary mixture from its mass percentage and the molar masses of solute and so...
Compute a fuel's standard enthalpy of formation from its measured heat of combustion and the tabulated standard enthalpi...
Compute the percent purity of a sample using a back-titration: excess reagent B remaining after reacting with impure sam...
Reverse-engineer the n in M·nH₂O from the percent water of hydration and the molar mass of the anhydrous compound: n = (...
Calculates atom economy = (MW of desired product / sum of MWs of all products) × 100%. A higher atom economy means less...
Calculates the molar solubility and ion concentrations of a sparingly soluble salt from its Ksp and stoichiometry (e.g.,...
Calculates the activity of a daughter nuclide at time t in secular equilibrium (parent half-life >> daughter half-life)....
Computes the pressure of a real gas using the Van der Waals equation given temperature, volume, and moles with molecule-...
Compute the mass density of a substance from its molar mass M and molar volume Vm: ρ = M / Vm. For an ideal gas at STP,...
Compute the fractional surface coverage θ of an adsorbate on a uniform surface as a function of partial pressure P and t...
Estimate the lattice energy of an MX-type ionic solid by closing the Born-Haber cycle: U = ΔH_f − ΔH_sub − ½·BE(X-X) − I...
Use the van 't Hoff equation to predict the equilibrium constant K₂ at a new temperature T₂ given K₁ at T₁ and the stand...
Convert the mole fraction of component A in a binary mixture to mass-percent (and vice-versa for component B), given the...