Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures Calculator
Calculates the partial pressure of each gas in a mixture: P_i = x_i · P_total, and the total pressure as the sum of up t...
Moles, concentrations, and stoichiometry — step by step.
Solution concentration, dilution, and reaction math — with careful unit handling and explanations of the underlying relationships.
Calculates the partial pressure of each gas in a mixture: P_i = x_i · P_total, and the total pressure as the sum of up t...
Converts between molarity (M), parts per million (ppm by mass), and mole fraction for dilute aqueous solutions given sol...
Calculates activation energy Ea using the Arrhenius equation at two temperatures: Ea = R·ln(k₂/k₁) / (1/T₁ − 1/T₂). Also...
Calculates the pH of a buffer after a known amount of strong acid is added, using the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation: pH...
Applies Graham's law: the effusion rate ratio = √(M₂/M₁), where M is molar mass. Also computes the time for gas 1 to eff...
Calculates the actual electrode potential E = E° − (0.05916/n)·log₁₀(Q) at 298 K using the Nernst equation, given the re...
Calculates the Gibbs free energy change ΔG and equilibrium constant K from enthalpy (ΔH in kJ/mol), entropy (ΔS in J/mol...
Calculates percent yield from actual and theoretical product masses, or computes theoretical yield from limiting reagent...
Calculates osmotic pressure and equivalent osmolarity of a solution from molarity, van't Hoff factor, and temperature.
Compute the mole fraction of a solute (and the solvent) from the moles of each component.
Calculates osmotic pressure using the van't Hoff equation Π = i·M·R·T, where i is the van't Hoff factor (1 for non-elect...
Calculates the standard cell potential of an electrochemical cell from standard reduction potentials of cathode and anod...
Calculates the standard enthalpy of reaction from standard enthalpies of formation using Hess's law for a reaction with...
Converts normality N to molarity M using M = N / n, where n is the equivalence factor (number of H⁺, OH⁻, or electrons p...
Calculates concentration at time t and half-life for a second-order reaction from initial concentration and rate constan...
Compute the normality (N) of a solution from its molarity (M) and the number of equivalents per mole.
Uses C1V1 = C2V2 to calculate how much concentrated stock solution to dilute to achieve a target concentration and final...
Calculates the critical temperature T_c = 8a/(27Rb) and critical pressure P_c = a/(27b²) of a real gas from its van der...
Converts between Kp (pressure) and Kc (concentration) equilibrium constants using the change in moles of gas Δn and temp...
Solves PV = nRT for any missing variable using R = 8.314 J/(mol·K) (SI) or 0.08206 L·atm/(mol·K). Returns all four varia...
Calculates the molar mass of a compound by summing atomic masses for up to five elements with their stoichiometric coeff...
Calculates the volume of titrant needed to reach the equivalence point in an acid-base titration from the concentrations...
Calculates ionic lattice energy using the Born-Haber thermochemical cycle from formation enthalpy, sublimation, ionisati...
Applies Hess's law to calculate the standard enthalpy of combustion: ΔH°_rxn = Σ(ν·ΔHf°)_products − Σ(ν·ΔHf°)_reactants...